How to Cut out the Clutter in Professional Writing

What we take out of our writing can be just as important as what we put in. Here well apply some key editing strategies for cutting out needless words--deadwood that only bores, distracts, or confuses our readers. First, Review Tips to Cut the Clutter Before starting this exercise, you may want to review the ten points introduced in Tips to Cut the Clutter and More Ways to Cut the Clutter: Reduce long clauses to shorter phrases.Reduce phrases to single words.Avoid There is, There are, and There were as sentence openers.Dont overwork modifiers.Avoid redundancies.Use active verbs.Dont try to show off.Cut empty phrases.Avoid using noun forms of verbs.Replace vague nouns with more specific words. Practice Cutting the Clutter Now, lets put this advice to work. The sentences below contain unnecessary words. Without eliminating any essential information, revise each sentence to make it more concise. When youre done, compare your revisions with the shortened sentences below them. In the cellar there are four wooden-type crates with nothing in them that might perhaps be used by us for storing paint cans inside of.This morning at 6:30 a.m., I woke up out of sleep to hear my alarm go off, but the alarm was turned off by me, and I returned back to a sleeping state.The reason that Merdine was not able to be in attendance at the hockey game was because she had jury duty.Omar and I, we returned back to the hometown where we both grew up to attend a reunion of the people that we went to high school with ten years ago in the past.Melba has designed a very unique kind of shirt that is made out of a polyester type of material that never creases into wrinkles when it rains and the shirt gets wet.She used her money to purchase a large-type desk made of mahogany wood that is dark brown in color and handsome to look at.In view of the fact that it was raining down, orders were given that the game be canceled.At that point in time when Marie was a teenager the basic fundament als of how to dance were first learned by her.Some sort of identification that would show how old we were was requested of us by the man that collects tickets from people at the movie theater.There is a possibility that one of the causes of so many teenagers running away from home is the fact that many of them have indifferent parents who dont really care about them. Here are edited versions of the sentences in  Practice in Cutting the Clutter. We could store the paint cans in the four wooden crates in the cellar.I awoke this morning at 6:30 but then turned off the alarm and went back to sleep.Because she had jury duty, Merdine was not at the hockey game.Omar and I returned to our hometown to attend our ten-year high school reunion.Melba has designed a polyester shirt that never creases when wet.She purchased a large, handsome-looking mahogany desk.The game was canceled because of rain.Marie learned how to dance when she was a teenager.The ticket collector at the movie theater asked us for identification.Perhaps one reason that so many teenagers run away from home is that their parents dont care about them.

Depressed Teenagers in Today’s Society Essay - 2450 Words

Depressed Teenagers in Today’s Society Being depressed includes many feelings, and they can range from simply being fed up with the world to actually wanting to take one’s own life. I have been depressed before, but I have never wanted to commit suicide. I want to know why teenagers would become so depressed that they would even consider taking their lives. I want to answer the commonly asked questions about teenage depression. Why are teenagers today so depressed? Why do they feel like there is no way out for them except death? What causes teens to feel like there is no way out of their feelings of worthlessness? Does society have a negative impact on teenagers which leads to depression? I want to learn the answers to these†¦show more content†¦In the beginning stages of my research I was planning on talking about how stress leads to depression in teenagers, but I realized that I could narrow the topic by focusing on depression itself and what can be done to help minimize it. There are different types of depression and there are also different methods to help reduce it. My research will primarily focus on teenage depression, the causes, the effects, and what can be done to eliminate it. Depression is an illness and all illnesses need to be cured. I do not believe that people want to go around depressed everyday. Suffering from depression is simply no healthy way to live. Although the basis of my paper will talk about depression I will also write about stress because in many causes stress is what causes depression to develop. Bender, David L. Suicide: Opposing Viewpoints. 1999. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. This book has many different sides to the issue of suicide. I am most interested with viewpoint number five on page seventy of the book. This section discusses depression and how it contributes to teen suicide. It states, â€Å"If someone is profoundly depressed, the option of suicide becomes the only option, the only way to control life and end the unremitting pain.† If teenagers are overly stressed they may feel that too much is in their hands. They simply can not deal with all of the pressure and theyShow MoreRelatedThe Growing Problem of Teenage Depression in Todays Society Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe Growing Problem of Teenage Depression in Todays Society Teenage depression is a growing problem in todays society and is often a major contributing factor for a multitude of adolescent problems. The statistics about teenage runaways, alcoholism, drug problems, pregnancy, eating disorders, and suicide are alarming. Even more startling are the individual stories behind these statistics because the young people involved come from all communities, all economic levels, and all home situations-anyonesRead MoreCauses of Teenage Depression1538 Words   |  7 Pagesrate in the teen’s generation is rising every day. Teenage depression is not just bad moods and occasional melancholy; it’s a serious problem that impacts every aspect of a teen’s life (â€Å"A Guide for Parents†). To better understand why teens are depressed, it would help to know the causes of depression, such as, trauma, life experiences, and social anxiety or peer pressure. Trauma’s can definitely scare someone for a lifetime, but it can also give them depression. The traumatic events during childhoodRead MoreTeenage Depression And Teen Depression792 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing problem in today’s society. Depression among teenagers is overlooked by many and is often mistaken for â€Å"normal† teenage behavior. This mental illness is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. Depression is predominantly seen amongst young women who are transitioning into adulthood. Teenagers are at a point in their lives where they come face to face with the reality of peer pressure and a milestone in becoming an adult. Behavioral and emotional changes comes from teenagers trying to fitRead More Depression in Teenagers: A Growing Problem Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesDepression in Teenagers: A Growing Problem Who has not, at some time or another, said, â€Å"I am depressed?† It is a line that slips off the tongue of people all too readily when they are bored or unhappy. But most people, when they say that, do not mean that they are clinically depressed, possibly wanting or needing treatment. Sadness is unpleasant but it is not as bad as depression. When people are sad, they keep their self-respect and they feel better after a good cry or a talk with a friendRead MoreDepression : Cause And Effect1629 Words   |  7 Pagesdeath in the U.S. and the number of people who are becoming depressed is rising. Even though it is the tenth leading cause of death, over all in the U.S., it is the third-leading cause of death in young people ages 15-24. Not only is depression a cause of death but it can affect the lives of people in many other ways. It can make work or school hard, change the way you make decisions, change your sleep patterns, and many others. If a teenager is affected early on by depression it can cause them to majorlyRead MoreDepression And Teenage Depression1308 Words   |  6 Pages Teenage Depression Depression has a major impact on the lives of teenagers; And through analysis it says that teen girls have a higher risk at suffering depression. Depression grows more and more everyday in todays society. While researching more about depression realized that teenage girls are at a higher risk for depression. Depression is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feelRead MoreThe Media Has Destroyed Teenage Girl’s Self Confidence913 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society, body image among teenage girls is becoming a bigger issue than ever before. The mass media which includes, television, movies, magazines and the Internet is associated with negative body image and is affecting teens. In â€Å"How the Media Keeps us Hung up on Body Image† by Shari Graydon, she argues that the mass media is very powerful in convincing teenagers that they need to be thin in order to be accepted in s ociety. Graydon, also takes a stance by explaining how the standardsRead MoreTeenage Depression - Teen Suicide1399 Words   |  6 Pagesfactors such as peer pressure and bullying. According to Linda Lamb’s article Young People Can Suffer From Depression, Too,† The suicide rate among teenagers [today] is about 10 per 100,000†. A handout from the Health and Human Services Department and National Institute of Mental Health stated,† in the last 25 years, the rate of suicide among teenagers and young adults has increased dramatically.† The awareness of teenage depression has increased and the public are taking steps to reduce it, howeverRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Teenagers Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesAlexsandra Rodriguez Professor Alexandra Dragin Rhetoric 102 November 15, 2016 Prompt #1 The Negative Effects Social Media has on Teenagers Social media is defined as â€Å"forms of electronic communication (as Web sites for social networking and micro blogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content.† (Merriam-Webster, 2004). Social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube have the attention of millions ofRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Mental Illness1070 Words   |  5 Pages To some people, dying sounds much more pleasurable than to live through each day with depression. Several societies consider mental health a topic of taboo in today’s society. Due to the lack of education and conversation about mental illnesses and how to properly handle them, many people are ignorant to the subject. Depression, in particular, is an incredibly common disorder and, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), about 1 in 5 adults are diagnosed with a mental disorder

Statistics and Research Method Geographical Boundaries

Question: Discuss about the Statistics and Research Method for Geographical Boundaries. Answer: Introduction: International business indicates to all the commercial transactions across geographical boundaries. It includes transaction likes sales, transportation, logistics and investments that occur across border among private and government business entities (Folsom et al., 2012). Private business entities target international market to enhance the present sales volume in order to achieve competitive advantage in the market. While government businesses mainly focus on international market for fulfilling all the political objectives. Now, international businesses are associated with different controllable and uncontrollable factors that can actually create impact on the international business level perspective. Specifically, uncontrollable factors like cultural barriers and climate barriers can actually create major challenges for international businesses. For that reason, businesses need to be extremely careful in order to assess all the barriers effectively. Moreover, emergence of e-commerc e business has provided new dimension to the international business perspective. Furthermore, it has been assessed that people living in different parts of the world favor different products and services, which complicated the entire business procedure of the organizations. For that reason, the study will focus on evaluating all the contemporary issues that international business entities will have to face in sustaining its position in the global market. The study will also try to highlight all the prime factors that can create adverse impact on the increasing the reach of an organization in global market. Moreover, the study will also try to provide effective recommendations to all the business entities for fulfilling all the objectives associated with the international business. International business and contemporary issue: According to Dunning (2012) international business allow organizations to utilize commercial transactions across the borders. Therefore, it helps organizations to increase their present profit level in an effective way. However, it also associated with several direct and indirect issues that can actually create barriers towards the path of success of the organization. Direct issues include challenges associated with management, logistics and raw materials. On the other hand, indirect issues are differences in culture, education, believes and religion. For that reason, in order to establish the business in the international market, organizations will have to focus on handling all the issues appropriately. As highlighted by Jenkins (2013) international business complicated the management decision-making procedure. As a result, it requires superior quality of knowledge and skills from the management to handle all the requirements related with the business process. Moreover, it has been assessed that international businesses also have to deal with different rules and regulations initiated by government of different countries. As a result, organizations have to focus on identifying different strategies for marketing a particular product all across the world. Wild, Wild and Han (2014) have highlighted the fact that uncontrollable issues are the prime concern for business entities in order to fulfill its international expansion perspective. For instance, international businesses will have to deal with continues changes in taste and preferences of the global customers. As a result, organizations need to evaluate the penetration power of a particular product or service. Thus, it actually induces businesses to invest more on the market research sector in order to understand the needs and wants of the potential customers (Papadopoulos Heslop, 2014). Furthermore, investment also has to be made on the RD or innovation perspective, as it had to provide proper updates for all the products and services. On the other hand, Forsgren and Johanson (2014) have mentioned the fact that increasing popularity of internet and e-commerce platform has also provided new dimension to the international business perspective. In fact, it has created major challeng es for the traditional business organizations in fulfilling their desired objectives. For that reason, it has become crucial for all the businesses to consider e-commerce application in fulfilling their business objectives. Types of risk associated with international business: As per the article by Casson (2013) organizations have to deal with different types of risk factors at the time of establishing business in the international market. Firstly, organizations must have to focus on the strategic risk aspect, as it would face fierce competition in the global market. Therefore, initiated strategies will have to create maximum impact on the popularity aspect in global market. It is expected that organizations have to deal with different substitutes and alternative products, which will enhance the risk factor to a greater level. Secondly, organizations also have to deal with the operational risk factor. It has been assessed that production cost varies from one country to another, which all the international businesses will have to face in order to establish it globally (Dunning, 2014). Moreover, required lead-time for completing entire process of operation also varies in different countries, which can actually create major challenges in fulfilling the demand of the market. Hill, Cronk and Wickramasekera (2013) have highlighted political and technological risks as the prime components that contribute to the risk factor in a huge way. Now, political environment of a particular country plays a crucial role in developing legislative rules and regulations. It has been assessed that few countries are supportive for the foreign organizations. Therefore, it allows organizations to pay lesser tax in conducting the entire business activities. On the other hand, hostile countries are more likely to impose many rules and restrictions that eventually hamper the business process. Therefore, businesses will have to be extremely careful in deciding the process of establishing business in the international market. Conversely, technological risk is also a greater concern for international businesses. However, advance technologies also have provided huge support for the organizations (Poulis, Poulis Plakoyiannaki, 2013). Still, it also has increased the risk level that businesses have to counter effectively. For instance, many people highlight the lack of security at the time of providing online payment to any international business entities. As a result, it can hamper the overall business level in a major way. Macro environment analysis of international business: As highlighted by Verbeke (2013) macro environment focuses on highlighting different external factors that can have major impact on the international business perspective. For instance, cultural differences are considered among the prime challenges that businesses will have to face at the time of establishing itself in the international market. Specifically, it induces organizations to implement different communicational strategies for people in different geographical region in order to ensure that the popularity level remains at the optimum level. On the other hand, differences in currency unit is another prime challenges that international businesses will have to counter for fulfilling business objectives. It has been assessed that differences in the currency value often creates major challenges for organizations related to exchange rate fluctuation. Moreover, regulations related to monetary system also varies in different countries that create more challenges for businesses. As pe r the article by Cavusgil et al. (2014) international businesses frequently encounters challenges associated with differences in language used in different parts of the world. In fact, it has been assessed that many single countries use different languages, which increases the challenges for the organizations to communicate the message to all the potential customers effectively. As mentioned by Preston and Windsor (2013) trade restriction is another crucial factors that international businesses will have face in order to fulfill all the activities effectively. For instance, many countries have developed restrictions regarding the amount of raw materials can be imported. As a result, international businesses would have to face huge amount of challenges in achieving superior quality of raw materials for maintaining the products standard. Moreover, different countries also have developed restriction regarding the percentage of foreign people can be recruited within an organization, which also has increased the level of challenges in a major way (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2013). Finally, differences in per capita income or standard of living across the world also have increased the amount of challenges businesses will have to face in fulfilling all the objectives. Literature gap: The above discussion has highlighted the fact that international businesses have to counter different issue for fulfilling all the objectives. It has also highlighted the fact that organizations will have to evaluate market condition continuously for assessing any changes in the business environment. Therefore, it requires more in-depth study to cover all aspects associated with the international businesses. Furthermore, analysis is also required in highlighting the significance of e-commerce sector on international business perspectives. It is also have to be evaluated that the best possible way to use e-commerce technique in handling contemporary issues associated with the international business. Research questions: In order to identify contemporary issues related to international business, research questions are as formulated as follows: What types of risk businesses have to counter in order to establish its presence across the geographical boundaries? How much awareness do managers have on the macro environment factors related to International business? What kind of impact can introduction of e-commerce have on the contemporary issues related to international business? What is the best possible way to handle issues associated with international business? Research methodology: According to Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault (2015) research methodology represents a critical part of any study that must be completed comprehensively. Research methodology allows the study to identify a particular direction in fulfilling all the objectives. It includes factors like philosophy, approach and design that study needs to select effectively. Now, in order to identify contemporary issues associated with international business, selected methodologies are as follows: Research philosophy: As opined by Silverman (2016) research philosophy deals with nature, source and development of knowledge. Thus, effective use of philosophy can actually help study to capture in-depth knowledge about the research topic. Positivism, pragmatism and realism are the types of philosophies that studies consider for fulfilling objectives. Now, in order to identify contemporary issues associated with international business, the study would choose positivism philosophy. The study would choose positivism philosophy, as it would help to gain factual knowledge about the issues related to international businesses. Moreover, the study would consider positivism philosophy to make it independent from any other factors associated with research topic. Positivism philosophy would also help to include different statistical analysis tools for evaluating the collected information comprehensively. Conversely, pragmatism and realism approach would not be considered in this study due to lack of time limit. Research approach: Research approach is a critical aspect that studies will have to consider gratifying all the aims and objectives efficiently. Deductive, abductive and inductive represents the types of research approach that studies can consider in fulfilling all the objectives (Flick, 2015). For assessing the impact of contemporary issues on international business, the study would choose deductive approach. Selection of deductive approach would allow tests the assumptions and validity related to international businesses. Moreover, deductive approach also allows the study to test the entire formulated hypothesis comprehensively. As a result, it would allow adding value to the overall outcome of the study. Selection of deductive approach would also help to include different theories, concepts and models related to contemporary issues on international business perspectives. Therefore, it would increase the knowledge in handling issues of international businesses. On the other hand, the research would n ot select inductive and abductive approach, as it is not focusing on developing any new concepts. Research design: According to Panneerselvam (2014), research design reflects common plan that studies focus at the time fulfilling all the objectives. Conclusive and exploratory are the types of research designs that studies employ for achieving goals and objective. Now, in order to assess different aspect of international business, the research would consider conclusive research design. Selection of conclusive design would allow collecting practical information about the research topic. Furthermore, it would provide clear structure about the research process, which eventually helps to fulfill all the intentions. Selection of conclusive design would also allow the study to include different previous literatures and concepts efficiently. As per the article by Neuman and Robson (2012) conclusive design has two parts namely casual and descriptive design. Here, the prime focus would be on using descriptive design to ensure all the contemporary issues related to international businesses are covered compre hensively. Therefore, it would help to identify the trend regarding the changes in the contemporary issues perspective. For that reason, it would help in providing recommendations to the international businesses in handling all the issues comprehensively. Research process: Development of research process is another critical aspect of the research study, as it ensures all the activities associated with research completed within the given timeframe (Panneerselvam, 2014). For that reason, the study would focus on using systematic procedure to eliminate any confusion from the research process. First step of the research process would focus on developing clear objectives and aims related to international business perspectives. It would allow the study to have a direction to move forward. Moreover, it would also eliminate all types of confusion from the business processes. Second step would focus on developing literature review section with the focus on highlighting contemporary issues related to international businesses. Here, the study would include different previous articles, journals and business magazines for assessing information related to contemporary issues on international business. In this step, prime focus would be on including as much informati on as possible so that it can add value to the overall research study. Third step of the study would focus on framing research questions or hypothesis for ensuring successful completion. Now, all the questions would be formed based on the previously developed objectives so that it does not create any types of confusion. Fourth step of the research study would focus on developing research methodologies, as it is essential for fulfilling all the objectives. In this step, the study would select appropriate philosophy, approach and design that will ensure successful completion with given timeframe. Fifth step of the research process would focus on data collection and analysis aspect. In this step, the study would consider different tools and techniques for ensuring in-depth information has been collected about the research topic. In this step, the study would also focus on choosing different statistical tools, which would help in analyzing the collected information effectively. Data collection and analysis method: According to Miller et al. (2012), proper utilization of data collection technique is essential for capturing in-depth information about the research study. Therefore, the study would have to be extremely careful at the time of choosing data collection technique. Primary and secondary are the types of data collection strategies. Now, in order to identify contemporary issues associated with international business, the study would focus on primary data collection technique. It would allow the study to provide practical perspective about the contemporary issues on international business. Now, in order to use the primary data collection technique effectively, the study would focus on both quantitative and qualitative approach. For that reason, the study would develop two set of questionnaires for collecting both qualitative and quantitative information about international business. Qualitative questionnaire would include open-end questions where respondents can provide in-depth informati on about the research about the issues related to international business. In fact, it would also help to include different perspectives of the respondents about the issues related to international business. On the other hand, qualitative questionnaire would only include closed-end questions, as it would help the study to identify a specific trend. Now, in order to use primary data collection technique comprehensively, the study would focus on including sampling technique. As per the article by Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault (2015) non-probability and probability are the types of sampling that studies use at the time of choosing respondents. For assessing the impact of contemporary issues on international business, the study would consider non-probability sampling technique. It would allow the study to select respondents with specific knowledge and skills. Here, the study would select 50 employees with international assignments for providing quantitative information. On the other hand, 25 managers with international assignments would be selected for capturing qualitative information about the issues related to international business. The study would also include different statistical tools for assessing the collected data appropriately. Expected outcomes: The above discussion has highlighted the fact that the study is expected to highlight all the issues that international business will have to face currently. It is also expected that the study would highlight the kind of impact each issues can have on the international business perspectives. It is also expected that the study would assess the emergence of e-commerce on the international businesses. It would also likely to provide specific recommendations in handling all the contemporary issues related to international businesses. References: Casson, M. (Ed.). (2013).The Growth of International Business (RLE International Business). Routledge. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I. A. (2013).International marketing. Cengage Learning. Dunning, J. H. (2012).International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (RLE International Business). Routledge. Dunning, J. H. (2014).The Globalization of Business (Routledge Revivals): The Challenge of the 1990s. Routledge. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Folsom, R. H., Gordon, M. W., Spanogle, J. A., Fitzgerald, P. L., Van Alstine, M. P. (2012). International business transactions: a problem-oriented coursebook. Forsgren, M., Johanson, J. (2014).Managing networks in international business. Routledge. Hill, C. W., Cronk, T., Wickramasekera, R. (2013).Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Jenkins, R. (2013).Transnational Corporations and Uneven Development (RLE International Business): The Internationalization of Capital and the Third World. Routledge. Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M., Jessop, J. (Eds.). (2012).Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Neuman, W. L., Robson, K. (2012). Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Panneerselvam, R. (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Papadopoulos, N., Heslop, L. A. (2014).Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Poulis, K., Poulis, E., Plakoyiannaki, E. (2013). The role of context in case study selection: An international business perspective.International Business Review,22(1), 304-314. Preston, L. E., Windsor, D. (2013).The rules of the game in the global economy: Policy regimes for international business. Springer Science Business Media. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016).Qualitative research. Sage. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Verbeke, A. (2013).International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Wild, J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. Pearson Education Limited.

Victims of Male Dominance in a Rose free essay sample

The trails and tribulations of life can cause a person to go down a road they could have never imagined. Some people are able to rise above the issues that come their way and while others become consumed by their problems. In a male dominated society, the issues of women are often pushed to the side and they are left to deal with them alone. Therefore, some women become abused by their thoughts and problems due to the fact that they do not have the ability to tackle them alone. It becomes an internal and external battle for the scorned woman to please herself, husband (or father) and the society at the same time. In the short stories, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gillman, readers become aquatinted with two women from different walks of life that become victims of their circumstances and develop undiagnosed mental illnesses due to male dominance, leading to their unfortunate downfall. We will write a custom essay sample on Victims of Male Dominance in a Rose or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Both of these female main characters appear to want to love the men that held the most power in their lives, but couldn’t fight the weight of this male dominance. In a desperate attempt to balance their feelings of love and hate for these significant men, their apparent failure causes an undeniable breakdown. In William Faulkner’s, â€Å"A Rose For Emily†, family meant everything to Emily. Nobody was more important in Emily’s life than her father. Coming from a prominent and wealthy family from the South, Emily’s family was glorified in her neighborhood. From an early age, Emily had been pressured to uphold the â€Å"hereditary obligation† (p. 391) of her aristocratic family name. For many young women, their father is the first man they love. Therefore, his opinions and views is what counts the most to them. If your father doesn’t like a person, then his daughter should feel the same way; it was that simple. Girls want to believe that their father always has their best interest at heart, which cause them to give him full control over their lives. Isolation and restriction from social activities leave these girls yearning for some sort companionship outside of their fathers. Therefore, woman began to lose their individual identity and began to live in order to please their fathers. Certain traditions and values are instilled by their athers and even if girls don’t agree, they are forced upon them. No man was good enough for Emily in the eyes of her father, which is why she never married. For Emily, her father’s way of life was the only life that she knew. Readers never see a direct interaction between Emily and her father, however his dominance becomes clear as Emily’s â€Å"slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground† (p. 393). This image of an overbearing man with a whip in his hand standing over a pure young woman is the best description of their relationship. Unfortunately, when her father passed away Emily did not know how to live life alone as a woman without his guidance, or dominance for lack of a better word. Despite her father’s apparent oppressiveness, there is a clear decline in Emily’s behavior following his death. With modern times arising and things changing around Emily, she remained the same. She still viewed herself as high society heiress who should be esteemed by the townspeople. Thus, â€Å"Poor Emily’s† inability to feel or evoke emotion took control of her mind, body and soul. Emily was now dark and physically â€Å"she looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water† (p. 392). Nothing could bring her to terms with her father’s death, going as far as leaving his corpse in their home until it was dragged out by the townspeople. She was damaged goods forever. When women depend on men for everything, they see no future in their own lives once they are gone. It became apparent to readers that Emily had no clue what it meant to be independent. Even the simple idea that her black slave did every little thing she needed. Emily went on to seek companionship and used Homer as bait to fill the void of her father’s death. She knew Homer was homosexual and still flaunted him throughout town like an accessory in trying to convince both herself and the townspeople she could move on from her father’s death. However, her relationship may have got into deep with Homer and she had to kill him to make sure he didn’t leave her side as her father did. After Emily kills Homer, â€Å"a window that has been dark was lightened and Miss Emily sat in it, the light behind her† (p. 395). This image shows Emily has now become her father in a way and took dominance in her life by murdering someone else, which causes an internal self satisfaction. She keeps the corpse of Homer almost as the resemblance of a trophy for her work. Emily was wealthy woman who appeared to have it all however, she never accomplished close to anything in her life except for taking the life of Homer. The lost of her father signified the lost of herself, in an attempt to find herself emerged a dark character who became mentally and physically consumed by her pain that she was left to fight alone. In Charlotte Perkins Gillman’s, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, the narrator immediately reveals the strain in her relationship with her husband. She describes her husband John as having â€Å"no patience with faith, an intense horror of superstition, and scoffs openly at any talk of things not to be felt and seen and put down in figures† (p. 355). When women typically describe the man they marry there is sort of an admiration within their description, even in the parts about their husband they don’t really like. However, for the narrator her description is that more of a controlling father rather then that of a husband. John’s behavior appears he isn’t suitable to be in a marriage, however the narrator took the vow of marriage serious and wasn’t willing to leave John’s side. Outside of the fact she wasn’t willing to leave, she couldn’t leave, her life was dependent upon John. The narrator has a immature personality, therefore she does not see much fault in her husband’s neglect and oppression. The fact that John is a physician is the primary reason why she holds his word to such high esteem because there is a stigma of doctors knowing everything. In addition, the narrator’s brother was also a physician who also adds the oppression of her by male dominance. The narrator’s inability to stand against her male dominated life becomes more unfortunate when she reveals she copes with her feelings through drugs and strict scheduling of how she lives daily. She evokes a sense of guiltiness because she felt she wasn’t able to please John. She â€Å"sometimes fancied that in [her] condition if [she] had less opposition and more society and stimulusbut John said the very worst thing [she] can do is to think about my condition, and confesses it always makes [her] feel bad† (p. 55). Her notion that she wouldn’t question any of John’s method proves she has no mind of her own. The narrator’s depression of being confined to the same room causes her to become more obsessed with the yellow wallpaper that covers the room. She is unable to accept or simply clueless to her hate for her husband, which causes her mind to become smothered by this hate. She begins to see women behind bars on the yellow wallpaper â€Å"all the time trying to climb through. But nobody could climb through that pattern — it strangles so; I think that is why it has so many heads† (p. 63). Therefore the pattern on the yellow wallpaper presents a symbol of the caged life of the narrator. The several heads represent all the things she wished to do outside of this room such as having guests over their house and being able to be a writer. However, John’s power has forced her pain into creating a mirror from this wallpaper. When a person keep their feelings smashed internally and don’t seek ways to express them there will be an inevitable snap within them as we see in the narrator at the end of the story. Although it may appear the narrator has had a break from her husband at the end of the story with the ripping down of all the yellow wallpaper, she has actually lost her mind and presented an undiagnosed mental illness. She no longer even refers to John as her husband toward in the end, and although she physically and mentally stood in her path, she â€Å"had to creep over him every time† (p. 365). Although she has broken from the control of John, she is now being controlled by the mental illness forced upon her through his dominance, which truly means he will always be the one in control of her. With feminists movements and women holding several positions of power in today’s world, many people hate to admit that we still live in a male dominated society. Females are seen as domestic figures who should stay in the house, raise the children, cook and clean while the husband goes out to be the bread winner. Unfortunately, for many women they give in to this view of society and allows their husband to control them being that he is the source of living. While for other women, the fight until their husband understand their is equality within their relationships. Whether it is breaking away from your controlling father or divorcing your oppressive husband, women are no longer putting up with men’s 19th century ideas of living. The two main characters of these short stories served as great examples of men’s dominance leading to the downfall of women. Therefore the modern day woman, should use these as motivation to strive for independence and learning to stand on their own two feet.

Interesting Facts About Asian Americans

Interesting Facts About Asian Americans The United States has recognized May as Asian-Pacific American Heritage Month since 1992. In honor of the cultural observance, the U.S. Census Bureau has compiled a series of facts about the Asian American community. How much do you know about the diverse groups that make up this community? Test your knowledge with federal government statistics that bring the Asian American population into focus.​ Asians Across America Asian Americans make up 17.3 million, or 5.6 percent, of the U.S. population. Most Asian Americans reside in California, home to 5.6 million of this racial group. New York comes in next with 1.6 million Asian Americans. Hawaii, however, has the largest share of Asian Americans- 57 percent. The Asian American growth rate was higher than any other racial group from 2000 to 2010, according to the census. During that time, the Asian American population grew by 46 percent. Diversity in Numbers A wide range of ethnic groups makes up the Asian-Pacific American population. Chinese Americans stand out as the largest Asian ethnic group in the U.S with a population of 3.8 million. Filipinos come in second with 3.4 million. Indians (3.2 million), Vietnamese (1.7 million), Koreans (1.7 million) and Japanese (1.3 million) round out the major Asian ethnic groups in the U.S. Asian languages spoken in the U.S. mirror this trend. Nearly 3 million Americans speak Chinese (second to Spanish as the most popular non-English language in the U.S.). More than 1 million Americans speak Tagalog, Vietnamese and Korean, according to the census. Wealth Among Asian-Pacific Americans Household income among the Asian-Pacific American community varies widely. On average, those who identify as Asian American take in $67,022 yearly. But the Census Bureau found that income rates depend on the Asian group in question. While Indian Americans have a household income of $90,711, Bangladeshis bring in significantly less- $48,471 yearly. Moreover, those Americans who identify specifically as Pacific Islanders have household incomes of $52,776. Poverty rates also vary. The Asian American poverty rate is 12 percent, while the Pacific Islander poverty rate is 18.8 percent. Educational Attainment Among the APA Population An analysis of educational attainment among the Asian-Pacific American population reveals intra-racial disparities as well. While there’s no major difference between Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in high school graduation rates- 85 percent of the former and 87 percent of the latter have high school diplomas- there’s a huge gap in college graduation rates. Fifty percent of Asian Americans age 25 and up have graduated from college, nearly double the U.S. average of 28 percent. However, just 15 percent of Pacific Islanders have bachelor’s degrees. Asian Americans also outpace the general U.S. population and Pacific Islanders where graduate degrees are concerned. Twenty percent of Asian Americans age 25 and up have graduate degrees, compared to 10 percent of the general U.S. population and just four percent of Pacific Islanders. Advances in Business Both Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders have made headway in the business sector in recent years. Asian Americans owned 1.5 million U.S. businesses in 2007, a 40.4 percent rise from 2002. The number of businesses owned by Pacific Islanders also grew. In 2007, this population owned 37,687 businesses, a jump of 30.2 percent from 2002. Hawaii boasts the largest percentage of businesses started by people of both Asian American and Pacific Islander heritage. Hawaii is home to 47 percent of businesses owned by Asian Americans and nine percent of business owned by Pacific Islanders. Military Service Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders both have a long history of serving in the military. Historians have noted their exemplary service during World War II, when individuals of Japanese American heritage were vilified after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Today, there are 265,200 Asian American military veterans, a third of whom are age 65 and up. There are currently 27,800 military veterans of Pacific Islander background. Approximately 20 percent of such veterans are 65 and up. These numbers reveal that while Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders have historically served in the armed forces, younger generations of the APA community continue to fight for their country.

Biography of Henry Avery, the Most Successful Pirate

Biography of Henry Avery, the Most Successful Pirate Henry â€Å"Long Ben† Avery (c 1659–1696 or 1699) was an English pirate, plying the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and making one big score: the treasure ship of the Grand Mughal of India. After this success, he retired. Little is known for certain of his ultimate fate. Contemporaries believed that Avery took his loot to Madagascar where he set himself up as a king with his own fleet and thousands of men. There also is evidence, however, that he returned to England and died broke. Fast Facts: Henry Avery Known For: Most successful pirateAlso Known As: Long Ben, John AveryBorn: Between 1653 and 1659 in Plymouth, EnglandDied: Perhaps in 1696 or 1699 in Devonshire County, England Early Life Henry Avery was born in or near Plymouth, England, sometime between 1653 and 1659. Some contemporary accounts spell his last name Every, while some references give his first name as John. He soon took to sea,  serving on several merchant vessels as well as ships of war, when England went to war with France in 1688, and a few slave ships. In early 1694, Avery took a position as the first mate aboard the privateer vessel Charles II, then in the employ of the king of Spain. The mostly English crew was extremely unhappy with their poor treatment and they convinced Avery to lead a mutiny, which he did on May 7, 1694. The men renamed the ship the Fancy and turned to piracy, attacking English and Dutch merchantmen off the coast of Africa. About this time, he released a statement declaring that English vessels had nothing to fear from him, as he would attack only foreigners, which clearly wasnt true. Madagascar The Fancy headed to Madagascar, then a lawless land known as a safe haven for pirates and a good place to launch attacks in the Indian Ocean. He restocked the Fancy and had it modified to be swifter under sail. This improved speed began paying dividends immediately, as he was able to overtake a French pirate vessel. After looting it, he welcomed 40 new pirates to his crew. Then he headed north, where other pirates were amassing, hoping to loot the Grand Mughal of Indias treasure fleet as it returned from an annual pilgrimage to Mecca. Indian Treasure Fleet In July 1695, the pirates got lucky: the great treasure fleet sailed into their arms. There were six pirate ships, including the Fancy and Thomas Tews Amity. They first attacked the Fateh Muhammed, the escort ship to the flagship, the Ganj-i-Sawai. The Fateh Muhammed, outgunned by the large pirate fleet, didnt put up much of a fight. There were 50,000 to 60,000 British pounds in treasure aboard the Fateh Muhammed. It was quite a haul, but it didnt go far divided among the crews of six vessels. The pirates were hungry for more. Soon Averys ship caught up with the Ganj-i-Sawai, the powerful flagship of Aurangzeb, the Mughal lord. It was a mighty ship, with 62 cannons and 400 to 500 musketeers, but the prize was too rich to ignore. During the first broadside they damaged the Ganj-i-Sawais main mast and one of the Indian cannons exploded, causing mayhem and confusion on deck. The battle roared on for hours as the pirates boarded the Ganj-i-Sawai. The terrified captain of the Mughal ship ran below decks and hid among the concubines. After a fierce battle, the remaining Indians surrendered. Looting and Torture The survivors were subjected to several days of torture and rape by the victorious pirates. There were many women on board, including a member of the court of the Grand Mughal. Romantic tales of the day say that the beautiful daughter of the Mughal was on board and fell in love with Avery and then ran off to live with him on a remote island, but the reality was probably far more brutal. The haul from the Ganj-i-Sawai was hundreds of thousands of pounds in gold, silver, and jewels, worth tens of millions of dollars today and possibly the richest haul in the history of piracy. Deception and Flight Avery and his men didnt want to share this prize with the other pirates, so they tricked them. They loaded their holds with loot and arranged to meet and divide it, but they took off instead. None of the other pirate captains had a chance of catching up with the speedy Fancy, which headed for the lawless Caribbean. Once they reached New Providence Island, Avery bribed Gov. Nicholas Trott, essentially buying protection for him and his men. The taking of the Indian ships had put a great strain on relations between India and England, however, and once a reward was put out for Avery and his fellow pirates, Trott could no longer protect them. He tipped them off, however, so Avery and most of his 113-man crew got out safely. Only 12 were captured. Averys crew split up. Some went to Charleston, some to Ireland and England, and some remained in the Caribbean. Avery himself vanished from history at this point, although according to Capt. Charles Johnson, one of the best sources of the time (and often thought to be a pseudonym for novelist Daniel Defoe), he returned with much of his loot to England only to be later swindled out of it, dying poor in perhaps 1696 or 1699, maybe in Devonshire County, England. Legacy Avery was a legend during his lifetime and for a while thereafter. He embodied the dream of all pirates to make a huge score and then retire, preferably with an adoring princess and a large pile of loot. The idea that Avery had managed to get away with that booty helped create the so-called Golden Age of Piracy as thousands of poor, abused European seamen tried to follow his example out of their misery. The fact that he supposedly refused to attack English ships (although he did) became part of his legend, giving the story a Robin Hood twist. Books and plays were written about him and his exploits. Many people at the time believed that he had set up a kingdom somewhere- possibly Madagascar- with 40 warships, an army of 15,000 men, a mighty fortress, and coins bearing his face. Capt. Johnsons story is almost certainly closer to the truth. The part of Averys story that can be verified caused great headaches for English diplomats. The Indians were furious and held officers of the British East India Company under arrest for a while. It would take years for the diplomatic furor to die down. Averys haul from the two Mughal ships put him at the top of the earnings list for pirates, at least during his generation. He took in more loot in two years than pirates such as Blackbeard, Captain Kidd, Anne Bonny and Calico Jack Rackham- combined. Its impossible to know the exact design used by Long Ben Avery for his pirate flag. He only captured a dozen or so ships, and no first-hand accounts survive from his crew or victims. The flag most commonly attributed to him is a white skull in profile, wearing a kerchief on a red or black background. Below the skull are two crossed bones. Sources Cordingly, David. Random House Trade Paperbacks, 1996.Defoe, Daniel (writing as Capt. Charles Johnson). A General History of the Pyrates. Edited by Manuel Schonhorn. Dover Publications, 1972/1999.Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Lyons Press, 2009.Henry Every’s Bloody Pirate Raid, 320 Years Ago. History.com.John Avery: British Pirate. Encyclopedia Britannica.

In the past half century, the developing countries have experienced Essay

In the past half century, the developing countries have experienced major compositional shifts from exports of primary products - Essay Example Over the past half century the shift in the export strategies of the developing countries have been noticeable. The shift in the composition of exports is mainly attributed to the developments and modification of the world’s production procedures. The dependence on land and food of the developing countries were gradually replaced by the advent of new technologies that redefined the production of industries in the economy (Dijck and  Linnemann, 1987, p.39). Gradually, the trend of exports of the developing economies shifted from the primary products and agriculture based items to industrial goods produced with the use of advanced technologies. Historical developments: Compositional shift of exports in the developing countries A look at the historical developments of the developing countries reveals that the developing countries in the early part of the twentieth century consisting of China, India, etc. were dependent on land and agriculture. The land was the major source of i ncome and value of land was very high to the state. The transitional of the stages of the development of the economies and the compositional shift in the exports of the countries over the last fifty years have been described below. Initial phase of exports by developing countries The economies of the developing countries in the initial phase of the historical development were highly dependent on agriculture. It would be correct to mention that developing countries before half a century were agriculture based economies. The land was the major source of livelihood and the income of the state and the people were highly dependent on agricultural produce of the land. The developing nations at that point of time used to produce high quantities of rice, wheat, pulses and other agricultural crops. The enhanced activities on farming and the activities of farmers all over the nation formed a considerable part of the gross domestic product. In international trade, the countries had primary pro ducts and raw materials, agricultural products available in large quantities for export. The foreign exchange earnings occurred majorly through the exports of primary goods, raw materials and agricultural goods produced by the countries. The singly dominant item in the developing economies at early stages of history was food products. This trend of exports underwent a radical change in the compositional shift as the developing countries started to open up their economies in the age of liberalization. Changing trend of compositional exports of the developing countries The composition of exports of the developing countries underwent radical shift in the last half a century as the developing countries like India and China opened up their economies in the era of globalization. The advent of new technological developments brought about changes in the production process and the composition of the products produced by the economies. The developing countries in the last fifty years underwen t economic reforms and adopted policies on liberalization. This was done by attracting foreign investments in the developing countries. Investments on development of infrastructure for supporting the growth of industries were the focus areas in the later stages of historical develo

Biotechnology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biotechnology - Essay Example (Paine, et. al., 2005). Another example is the BT corn, which genetically modifies corn crops to protect it from predatory pests such as caterpillars. Much controversy has surrounded biotechnology and biotechnology crops from the start. There are many critics argue that it worsens the lot of farmers rather than improve it because it creates a pattern of corporate dependence. Taking the BT-corn example, after some time, pests would develop a tolerance to modified strain in the corn crop and farmers will have no choice but to purchase new pesticides from the corporations at prices that will exploit their lack of choices. Environmental advocates, on the other hand, warn of the hazards of biotechnology on biodiversity and other life-forms. For example, environmentalists assert that the corn that is keeping pests away is also killing the Monarch butterfly. According to Kloppenburg and Burrows (2001), â€Å"given the increasing commodification of science and technology and the reality of where purchasing power lies, it is naive to expect a new tool such as biotechnology ever to fall outside corporate control.† 2. a. ... Because it is not possible to conduct research on human bodies, using animals in laboratory experiments is justified as a reliable way of ascertaining the risks to human health and to the environment. However, research involving animals must be done in a responsible manner so as to avoid any unnecessary cruelty upon the animals and to ensure that the laboratory experiments are done with the least possible damage to them or to other life systems. b. The dose-response curve refers to an x-y graph designed to measure the effects on a life-form or organisms as a result of exposure to stressors or chemicals, tested over a given period of time and in varying doses. The objective is to determine whether or not a certain chemical is beneficial, and the levels or doses that it is beneficial, as well as the doses at which it is already harmful. The dose-response curve is often used to aid in the crafting of environmental or health regulations. c. LD50 is the dose required to kill 50% of a samp le population within a given time frame. It is also called the median lethal dose. A low LD50 is dangerous because it means that only small doses are required to exterminate half of the sample. Conversely a high LD50 is conventionally deemed to be safer. The problem however with this baseline is that it only measures death and not other toxic effects that do not necessary lead to death. 3. I agree that the precautionary principle is an important environmental principle, and one that should be prevail over market considerations and free trade invocations. Scholars like Adler oppose the precautionary principle, as his problem with it was that it was not responsive to the threats of biodiversity

Early childhood education Essay Example for Free

Early childhood education Essay

Dogma :: essays papers

Dogma Dogma is the latest movie from director Kevin Smith, whose previous movies Clerks, Mallrats, and Chasing Amy have become cult hits. This movie should be no different from the last three. Smith has more star power then ever to work with in this movie with such stars as Ben Affleck (who had a part in the Mallrats), Matt Damon, Chris Rock, Linda Fiorentino, Salma Hayek, and even rocker Alanis Morissette as God. The story is about two fallen angels, Affleck, and Damon, who has spent the last two thousand years on Earth and are looking to find their way back to heaven. But if they get their wish and pass through the archway of St. Michael’s Church history would be reversed and mankind will be destroyed. So God picks an abortion clinic worker, Fiorentino, along with the 13th apostle, Rock, and two profits, Jay and Silent Bob (both from Clerks, and Mallrats) to stop the two angels. Smith knows how to direct a great movie with out the high budget explosive action, and special effects. He can draw you in with great dialogue, and funny everyday situations. Smith can take a serious subject matter, such as Christianity in America today, and turn it into a funny comedy without coming off harsh. Smith first broke onto the scene with Clerks, A funny story of a convenient store worker who is called in on his day off, and a video store worker who wants nothing to do with the public he so poorly serves. The movie is shot in black and white, but you’ll soon find yourself not even noticing it once you get locked into a great story. In Smiths’ next movie, Mallrats, Smith directs a story about a man who breaks up with her girlfriend because her father wants her to be a contestant on his new dating show on public access TV. But soon all hell breaks loose when the Mall security guard has other plans, but with the help of Jay and Silent Bob things at the mall are about to change. Chasing Amy was Smiths last movie before

Will lowering the drinking age solve the problem

Drinking on College Campuses Beer bongs, keg stands, and a million new drinks to discover, these are what college is all about. First-year students are introduced to a whole new world of parties that last until 3 a. m. and drinking beer for the usual breakfast. The week consists of concentrating on school for about 4 days of the week and partying 3 days. The money that was supposed to go towards books and gas to get home has been hoarded for the latest beer run or was used to get into the bar. This trend is getting into the habit of drinking as you enter college; it seems the two go hand in hand.It has become a rite of passage that weaved its way into the introduction of university life (National Institute, October 2002). Those students who never drank in high school seem to think drinking is suddenly okay when they start studying for their bachelor's degree. This addition of responsibility is then balanced by the act of partying. It seems completely absurd that students choose to dr ink while investing around $20,000 a year in school. It all starts at high school graduation. Drinking is suddenly endorsed, or protested less, by parents, coaches, adults, organizations, and businesses.When seniors in high school finally graduate, it is common for a party to be thrown in their honor. Some of these parties include alcohol, and we can be pretty sure it wasn't bought by the graduate unless they flunked a few times and are of legal age. Parents, other adults, and older friends supply the liquor and beer for the underage partiers. When the graduates make the next major step in their life and head for college, they are confronted with many opportunities to get hammered, sloshed, annihilated, drunk, inebriated, intoxicated, wasted, and totally smashed.Other college students re eager to help their young, new friends out by taking them for a trip to the liquor store. Since some bars are legal to those over the age of eighteen, it's not a problem getting served there either. The 21 year-olds are conveniently stamped for minors looking to spot a potential buyer. Since a minor isn't worried about getting served, the most apparent problem is getting to the bar. One setting of this national trend can be studied locally. At Buena Vista University, these same events occur, plus additional more specific examples.At BVU, thanks to student organizations and funding from the college, there is a free ide for all. The â€Å"drunk bus† is a means of transportation supplied by the university and Student Senate, an important organization on campus. This form of transportation is common on a variety ot campuses. Visitors ot The University ot Iowa can see they have buses run all day for classes, and they continue into the night to bring students to and from the bar. The driver at Iowa even sets up a disco ball and funky lights to make the ride more enjoyable for his late-night friends.The free ride is also a form of support for those consuming alcohol. Advertise ments for drinking are all over residence halls. The choice of wallpaper in many dorm rooms consists of beer boxes and fluorescent Budweiser lights. Beer and liquor bottles are a usual decoration in most dorms; theyre used as vases, piggy banks, candle holders, and candy dishes. Each time you walk by a dorm room, you see these things like a giant billboard in Times Square. For a student athlete, a game-winning shot could get him/her a free spirit at the local bar.Fans, bar owners, coaches, athletic directors, teammates, and parents have all been seen rewarding the athletes with toasts and celebration shots. These same oasts are given to college students on their birthdays, no matter how old they are. Fraternities and sororities also bring a drinking factor to colleges. They are known more commonly for their parties and ability to drink, than their community service and GPAs. Even though we don't have them on our campus, they are apparent at the majority of colleges and universities across America.The frats are known for their very popular gatherings where binge drinking is rewarded, and hardly anyone is sober. Sororities are known to attend these parties and Join in the festivities. Another factor that proves that college and drinking go hand in hand is the abrupt end of this behavior for most after college graduation. Most students buckle down for graduate school or the beginning of their career. This excessive drinking pattern does not continue. The tragedies occur when the drinking becomes out of hand.Some drinkers get into a habit of binge drinking. This has been defined as â€Å"drinking to get drunk† (Center for Science, March 2000). Binge drinking leads to passing out, blacking out, memory loss, and injury due to loss of mobility. Unusual and outrageous behavior can get you removed from your university. Even if a student doesn't normally act in mischievous ways, this behavior cannot be excused because of the influence of alcohol. Getting in troub le with the law goes on your public record.Around 11 percent of college student drinkers say they have damaged someone's property while drinking, and 5 percent of a college campus will be involved with the police or campus security due to drinking (A Snapshot of Annual High-Risk College Drinking Consequences, 2002). Other alcohol related charges include public intoxication, minor in possession, driving under the influence, operating while intoxicated, indecent exposure, resisting rrest, interference with official duties, assaulting an officer, and disorderly conduct.

Dick Hebdige’s work Subculture: The Meaning of Style

Dick Hebdige’s work Subculture: The Meaning of Style has had a great impact within the area of cultural studies as it manages to take the preceding theories of subculture one step further, and to pinpoint the differences between culture and subculture as well as to decipher the â€Å"the hidden messages inscribed on the glossy surfaces of style† (Hebdige, 18). Hebdige follows on the tracks of semiology as theorized before him by Saussure and Roland Barthes and tries to read and interpret the signs and the language of the subcultures that emerged in Great Britain after World War II, such as the punks, the mods or the skinheads.Also, he is inspired to a great extent by Levi-Strauss’s structuralist anthropology. What is really significant about Hebdige’s works though is that he applies the purely theoretical frame that had been constructed by the preceding authors directly to the different styles which appeared as forms of subculture. Thus, he tries to interp ret the outer signs which were displayed by each of the groups, from the punks to the skinheads, and reveal their social and cultural meaning.He uses clothing and hair styles, types of music or dancing and so on, as part of the language of the subcultures, in which the actual social meanings are inscribed. Thus, according to Hebdige although the social classes were said to have disappeared after the Second World War, they were actually simply transformed into ideological divisions from the mainstream. The classes thus formed were subcultures, that is, ‘marginal discourses’ which opposed the general tendency of the anonymous culture existing at that point in time:â€Å"It has become something of a clichà © to talk of the period after the Second World War as one of enormous upheaval in which the traditional patterns of life in Britain were swept aside to be replaced by a new, and superficially less class-ridden system [†¦] Nonetheless [†¦]class refused to disa ppear. The ways in which class was lived, however – the forms in which the experience of class found expression in culture did change dramatically.The advent of the mass media, changes in the constitution of the family, in the organization of school and work, shifts in the relative status of work and leisure, all served to fragment and polarize the working-class community, producing a series of marginal discourses within the broad confines of class experience. †(Hebdige, 54) As Hebdige emphasizes, the subcultural styles formed their own rhetoric by means of a certain way of living and of an ostentatious appearance, as a response to the particular cultural, social, political circumstances of the time.In brief, it can be said that these subcultural styles were a form of protest to the anonymous culture. Although sometimes their rhetoric, as in the case of the punks, was intentionally baffling and consciously aiming at meaninglessness, to the point that it seemed to  "work against the reader and to resist any authoritative interpretation,†(Hebdige, 89) it formed nevertheless a coherent symbolic order in itself.The subcultural groups represent, in Hebdige’s view, responses to the â€Å"contrary mythology of class†, that is, to the way in which class was alternatively proclaimed as gone and then reaffirmed by the media: â€Å"Rather the different styles and the ideologies which structure and determine them represent negotiated responses to a contradictory mythology of class. In this mythology, ‘the withering away of class' is paradoxically countered by an undiluted ‘classfulness', a romantic conception of the traditional whole way of (working-class) life revived twice weekly on television programs like Coronation Street.The mods and skinheads, then, in their different ways, were ‘handling' this mythology as much as the exigencies of their material condition. They were learning to live within or without that a morphous body of images and typifications made available in the mass media in which class is alternately overlooked and overstated, denied and reduced to caricature. †(Hebdige, 55) Thus, Hebdige sees subcultures as homogeneous and coherent forms of rhetoric, which go beyond the merely desire to shock the public opinion.In fact, as he theorizes, all the parts of the systems of symbols that make up a particular style are homologous, and they can be said to be as coherent as a’ whole way of life’: â€Å"In Profane Culture, Willis shows how, contrary to the popular myth which presents subcultures as lawless forms, the internal structure of any particular subculture is characterized by an extreme orderliness: each part is organically related to other parts and it is through the fit between them that the subcultural member makes sense of the world.For instance, it was the homology between an alternative value system (‘Tune in, turn on, drop out’), halluci nogenic drugs and acid rock which made the hippy culture cohere as a ‘whole way of life’ for individual hippies. †(Hebdige, 123) As Hebdige remarks the subcultures were actually strong constructs, which were usually meant as a response to a crisis situation, as is the case of the punks at the end of the 1970’s, whose rhetoric mimicked the chaos of the English social and economical life.The violent and obscene style was in fact a language in itself, in perfect accordance with the way in which swore or spoke: â€Å"There was a homological relation between the trashy cut-up clothes and spiky hair, the pogo and amphetamines, the spitting, the vomiting, the format of the fanzines, the insurrectionary poses and the â€Å"soulless,† frantically driven music. The punks wore clothes which were the sartorial equivalent of swear words, and they swore as they dressed — with calculated effect, lacing obscenities into record notes and publicity releases, i nterviews and love songs.Clothed in chaos, they produced Noise in the calmly orchestrated Crisis of everyday life in the late 1970 s[†¦]†(Hebdige, 125) Hebdige thus highlights the identity of language and style within the subcultural rhetoric. The punks for instance functioned as a current in which the meanings were not even fixed as such, although the general meaning behind the style was that ‘the forbidden is permitted’, as Hebdige comments: â€Å"If we were to write an epitaph for the punk subculture, we could do no better than repeat Poly Styrene's famous dictum: ‘Oh Bondage, Up Yours!’ or somewhat more concisely: the forbidden is permitted, but by the same token, nothing, not even these forbidden signifiers (bondage, safety pins, chains, hair-dye, etc. ) is sacred and fixed. †(Hebdige, 125)The subcultures were thus a way of subverting the anonymous, mainstream currents trough a form of stylistic rhetoric. The main discontents with the contemporary world were thus displayed by means of dress or discordant music for example, aiming at a deconstruction of traditional concepts or cultural facts.The subcultural styles didn’t target necessarily the values of a certain society, as it is usually believed, but rather those notions and cultural patterns that they found as incoherent and contradictory. They were actually an abstract embodiment of the outside chaos, and not a chaotic response to order, or a protest against order. Also, the subcultural streams aimed at emphasizing otherness and difference and their adherents were intentionally posing as aliens to society and wearing masks so as to avoid any categorization or prescribed identity:â€Å"They [the punks] played up their Otherness, ‘happening’ on the world as aliens, inscrutables. Though punk rituals, accents and objects were deliberately used to signify working-classness, the exact origins of individual punks were disguised or symbolically d isfigured by the make-up, masks and aliases which seem to have been used, like Breton's art, as ploys ‘to escape the principle of identity. ’ †(Hebdige,126) Another very important characteristic of the subcultural movements is, as Hebdige notes, the fact that they strived to confuse the usual divisions of race, gender and chronology by combining them in their style.The boundaries between the white and black cultures are progressively erased through the borrowings that the white cultures made from the black ones in their style: â€Å"[†¦] it is on the plane of aesthetics: in dress, dance, music; in the whole rhetoric of style, that we find the dialogue between black and white most subtly and comprehensively recorded [†¦]†(Hebdige, 96) The subcultures proceeded to mix up the separate elements of the mainstream culture, attacking thus the idea of identity and opening the way to difference and otherness:â€Å"Behind punk's favored ‘cut ups†™ lay hints of disorder, of breakdown and category confusion: a desire not only to erode racial and gender boundaries but also to confuse chronological sequence by mixing up details from different periods. †(Hebdige, 128) The important thing to note therefore is that in Hebdige’s theory the subcultures were deviations from the anonymous culture, aiming at decentralizing some of the most rooted concepts and ideas of society, and at establishing a new different order outside the stereotypes of society. All this was done through style, ranging from music to dressing and all the other means of expression.Style works therefore as a system of signs, as a text that must be read to grasp the meaning behind it. Obviously, Hebdige’s work deals with the subcultures in the modern epoch, after the Second World War. Therefore, there have been attempts to take his study further, so as it may capture the way in which subculture is manifested in postmodernism. Although the main subcultures that Hebdige discusses- the punks, the teddy boys, the mods, the skinheads, the Rasta men and so on, lost their force or even disappeared, some subcultural groups still exist today, although their structure seems to be different from that of the modern subcultures.The styles in the contemporary world are, to a great extent, the products of postmodernism and therefore imitate its main tenants, its fragmentation and hybridization. There are no longer entirely compact, coherent or well delimited subcultures like those identified by Hebdige, therefore the concepts he proposed remain mostly valid for the historical period he analyzed in his work. His approach is very enlightening for any cultural studies inquiry but it should be modified or continued so as to comprise the contemporary phenomena.

Free Essays on The Color Of Water

Paper on the color of water The Color of Water by James McBride is a book about the author finding his own identity though discovering who his mother, Ruth really is. Throughout his whole life he has felt there is something different between his mother and himself. His father and his eleven brothers and sisters were all black and his mother was white. This never really bothered James when he was a child. His mother never talked about race and didn’t see herself as any different from her children. She never talked about her past and always changed the topic whenever he asked her any questions about where she came from or why she was different from himself and the rest of his siblings. It was not until he wrote this book that all of his questions about his race and identity were answered because he finally uncovered his mothers past. Ruth had a miserable life growing up. Her family was Jewish Orthodox, and first generation Americans. She spent most of her childhood moving around with her family as her father looked for work as a rabbi. Her family finally settled in Suffolk, Virginia. It was a small town which was racially segregated and Jews were not well liked there. They lived on the black side of town and her father was the rabbi and they owned and small store. She only had one friend that she talked to most of her childhood. â€Å"White kids hated Jews in my school. ‘Hey ruth, when did you start being a dirty Jew?’ they’d ask . I couldn't stand to be ridiculed.† (McBride, 80) Going to a predominantly white school caused Ruth to have low self esteem because she wasn't accepted by the other kids. â€Å"In school kids called me ‘Christ killer’ or ‘Jew baby’.† (McBride, 40) Ruth's family life was not much better than her social life. Her father was very strict and she was afraid of him. â€Å"There were to many rules to follow, too many forbiddens and ‘you cant’s and ‘you musnt’s,’ but does anybody say they... Free Essays on The Color Of Water Free Essays on The Color Of Water Paper on the color of water The Color of Water by James McBride is a book about the author finding his own identity though discovering who his mother, Ruth really is. Throughout his whole life he has felt there is something different between his mother and himself. His father and his eleven brothers and sisters were all black and his mother was white. This never really bothered James when he was a child. His mother never talked about race and didn’t see herself as any different from her children. She never talked about her past and always changed the topic whenever he asked her any questions about where she came from or why she was different from himself and the rest of his siblings. It was not until he wrote this book that all of his questions about his race and identity were answered because he finally uncovered his mothers past. Ruth had a miserable life growing up. Her family was Jewish Orthodox, and first generation Americans. She spent most of her childhood moving around with her family as her father looked for work as a rabbi. Her family finally settled in Suffolk, Virginia. It was a small town which was racially segregated and Jews were not well liked there. They lived on the black side of town and her father was the rabbi and they owned and small store. She only had one friend that she talked to most of her childhood. â€Å"White kids hated Jews in my school. ‘Hey ruth, when did you start being a dirty Jew?’ they’d ask . I couldn't stand to be ridiculed.† (McBride, 80) Going to a predominantly white school caused Ruth to have low self esteem because she wasn't accepted by the other kids. â€Å"In school kids called me ‘Christ killer’ or ‘Jew baby’.† (McBride, 40) Ruth's family life was not much better than her social life. Her father was very strict and she was afraid of him. â€Å"There were to many rules to follow, too many forbiddens and ‘you cant’s and ‘you musnt’s,’ but does anybody say they...

Three Primes of Alchemy (Paracelsus Tria Prima)

Three Primes of Alchemy (Paracelsus Tria Prima) Paracelsus identified three primes (tria prima) of alchemy. The Primes are related to the Law of the Triangle, in which two components come together to produce the third. In modern chemistry, you cant combine the element sulfur and mercury to produce the compound table salt, yet alchemy recognized substances reacted to yield new products. Tria Prima, the Three Alchemy Primes Sulfur – The fluid connecting the High and the Low. Sulfur was used to denote the expansive force, evaporation, and dissolution.Mercury - The omnipresent spirit of life. Mercury was believed to transcend the liquid and solid states. The belief carried over into other areas, as mercury was thought to transcend life/death and heaven/earth.Salt - Base matter. Salt represented the contractive force, condensation, and crystallization. Metaphorical Meanings of the Three Primes Sulfur Mercury Salt Aspect of Matter flammable volatile solid Alchemy Element fire air earth/water Human Nature spirit mind body Holy Trinity Holy Spirit Father Son Aspect of Psyche superego ego id Existential Realm spiritual mental physical Paracelsus devised the three primes from the alchemists Sulfur-Mercury Ratio, which was the belief that each metal was made from a specific ratio of sulfur and mercury and that a metal could be converted into any other metal by adding or removing sulfur. So, if one believed this to be true, it made sense lead could be converted into gold if the correct protocol could be found for adjusting the amount of sulfur. Alchemists would work with the three primes using a process called Solve Et Coagula, which translates to mean dissolving and coagulating. Breaking apart materials so they could recombine was considered a method of purification. In modern chemistry, a similar process is used to purify elements and compounds through crystallization. Matter is either melted or else dissolved and then allowed to recombine to yield a product of higher purity than the source material. Paracelsus also held the belief that all life consisted of three parts, which could be represented by the Primes, either literally or figuratively (modern alchemy). The three-fold nature is discussed in both Eastern and Western religious traditions. The concept of two joining together to become one is also related. Opposing masculine sulfur and feminine mercury would join to produce salt or the body.

Toxicology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Toxicology - Essay Example Although, more often the size of the solute particles is larger than what can easily cross the biomembranes. In that case, there are carrier proteins that bind with the solute and transport them across the membrane. This is known as facilitated diffusion. In facilitated diffusion, the carrier proteins are embedded in the membrane. They bind with the biomolecules and change their shape which results in translocation of the molecules to the other side of membrane. In a biochemical system, there is frequently need of transporting biomolecules across a membrane against the concentration gradient. It can be thought of as uphill movement of molecules and it requires energy. The energy used can be chemical in nature as from ATP in various protein pumps or electrochemical due to difference of electrochemical potential across the membrane. As illustrated by Jack H. Kaplan (2002), an example of active transport pump is Sodium/ Potassium ATPase that uses energy from ATP breakdown to transport ions across

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 4

Case study - Essay Example In this segment, the major focus will be on Sony’s journey of inevitable change that has made it reach where it is today. Perhaps the first change that the company experienced in the millennium was the appointment of Howard Stringer in 2005 as the chief executive. Apart from Stringer being the first non-Japanese to head the firm in over a half a century, he had a history with some of the fiercest competitor of the Sony Corporations. Despite this, he was the best choice to turn around company’s dwindling profits. Organizational analysts were sceptical of his approach of streamlining the operations of the business and the massive job cuts. The new chief executive included several other ambitious techniques that previously never existed in the company. For instance, he scraped off entire lines of production such as production of cathode ray tube (CRT) television sets. Change was also inevitable in the composition of human resources for Sony over the years. This is partially a step of business strategy and partially for skills that the company required for its future plans. The laying off of about 10,000 employees as a cost cutting measure had a direct impact on the company’s short term in terms of public perception. However, this was necessary to turn around numbers for the company. Human resource in major companies is a key element for their success or failure as Marshak (2005, p97) illustrates. This is because all decisions are made and implemented by directors and employees respectively. Therefore, chief executives and company directors aim at hiring the best and retaining the most productive employees at all times. In light of these, the employee restructuring of Sony was implemented by eliminating human resource that was either too obsolete or redundant in their work. This is a change that most of other multinationals are experiencing today. Thirdly, cultural change is another dynamic that Sony has experienced over the years. The CEO himself

Structured essay on a comprehensive Marketing Plan to Promote YHA

Structured on a comprehensive Marketing Plan to Promote YHA Australia using UKs Back Packers as market target - Essay Example Cheaper flights and favourable exchange rates have encouraged the tremendous growth of this market with more than 400 000 backpackers expected to visit Australia in 2002. (Macbeth and Westerhausen, 2003) Backpackers hold special potential for regional Australia. Already, backpackers make up more than half of all international visitors and visitor nights in some parts of regional Australia. Their tendency to roam farther afield than other types of tourists is reflected in the fact that backpackers visited an average 10.6 regions in Australia during 1995-96, compared with 2.7 regions for all visitors. However although backpackers are visiting up to four times more of Australia than other types of tourists, large sections of regional Australia continue to be bypassed altogether The marketing strategy for backpacker tourism is composed of four strategies: promote 'quality' tourism based upon: maximizing income from tourism through a value-volume strategy (i.e. relatively lower growth in arrivals, but targeting higher-spending visitors); reducing seasonality; repositioning Australia's image as a destination, with greater emphasis on experiences linked to the island's environment and cultural heritage, marketing Australia's diverse population as a 'a mosaic of nature and culture, a whole, magical world concentrated in a small, warm and hospitable island in the Mediterranean at the crossroads of three continents, between West and East, that offers a multidimensional, high quality tourist experience. Tourism Australia has been active in this segment for a number of years, and is building on past experience to continue to develop it. Investing in this segment now will provide substantial returns in the future as the backpackers of today are likely to become the returning high-yield target markets of tomorrow. Backpackers area unique tourism segment. Their characteristics are as follows: there is an evident and strong social interaction among backpackers, the existence of backpacker enclaves, the relatively prolonged duration of most backpacker journeys compared to the conventional tourist trips), and the inviting traits of a classic anthropological subject, rites of passage. Parallel with the growth and expansion of the phenomenon itself, research into backpacker tourism has grown dramatically too, and a noteworthy share of that research has been conducted by means of ethnography, while a large share of the remainder display much influence from ethnographic methodology. The autho r has been part and parcel of this development as he, since 1990, in total has conducted more than two years of ethnographic fieldwork among backpackers and has published several papers on the ethnography of backpackers INTRODUCTION 'Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world, accounting for 11.7 per cent of world GDP, 8 per cent of world export earnings, and 8 per cent of employment. This mobility affects almost everywhere, with the World Tourism Organization publishing tourism statistics for over 180 countries (WTO 2002). Almost no countries are not significant senders and receivers of visitors. Internationally there are over 700 million legal passenger arrivals each year (compared with 25 million in 1950) with a predicted 1 billion by

Assistant Practitioner Providing Support For A Diabetes Patient

Assistant Practitioner Providing Support For A Diabetes Patient The following paper will reflect on an experience as a trainee assistant practitioner which involved the care and support of a patient with type 1 diabetes. For this reflection I will use Bill as a pseudonym name for my patient as The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2010) states that. The common law of confidentiality reflects that people have a right to expect that information given to a nurse or midwife is only used for the purpose for which it was given and will not be disclosed without permission. This covers situations where information is disclosed directly to the nurse or midwife and also to information that the nurse or midwife obtains from others. For this assignment Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988) will be utilised as I feel comfortable with this model. Gibbs (1998) refers to the experience as an incident which involves exploring good and bad feelings, however Johns (1995) suggests that the fundamental purpose of reflective practice is to enable the practitioner to interpret an experience in order to learn from it. Type 1 diabetes is a lifelong condition in which the body cannot control the amount of glucose in the blood. This is because the body cannot produce the natural hormone insulin. Diabetes is a common, lifelong condition and as Zimmet et al (2001) identify that in developed countries one person in thirty may be affected and it is likely that by 2025 there will be three hundred million people with diabetes worldwide, this is mainly the result of more sedentary lifestyles and increased obesity. In 2006 Diabetes UK estimated that there were more than two million people with diagnosed diabetes and up to one million who are still undiagnosed (Diabetes UK 2006). A holistic approach to this long term condition is essential as it can come with so many complications. Complications may arise from inadequate management and treatment of the condition, which can adversely affect the quality of life and have financial implications for patients and the National Health Service (DH2001). There are two types of diabetes. In type 1 diabetes there is no production of insulin by the beta (ß) cells of the pancreas. In type 2 diabetes, which accounts for over 80 per cent of all cases of diabetes, insulin is produced by the ß cells and is released into the bloodstream, but it subsequently fails to act properly at the sites of glucose uptake, which are skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue (Donnelley and Garber 1999, Reginato and Lazar 1999). As a trainee assistant practitioner I was asked by the district sister to visit Bill to do a blood test which had been requested by the general practitioner as Bill is housebound and unable to attend a blood clinic. The blood test was to check his full blood count and HbA1c which had not been done for almost a year. Bill is seventy four years of age, lives alone and has lived with diabetes for many years. Bills wife passed away a year ago and has one son who lives many miles away so sees him very little; he does however have a neighbour who pops in to check on him now and again. Bill administers his own insulin in the mornings and checks his blood sugar levels daily before giving his insulin. My first impressions of Bill were that he looked frail and quite pale but having not met him before this may have been the norm for him. Whilst taking the blood sample I began chatting to Bill and he started to tell me that he had several episodes of feeling unwell recently and on that morning he had felt particularly unwell. I asked him to explain why he felt unwell and what symptoms he was experiencing. He explained the symptoms included shaking in his hands, feeling lightheaded and a fuzzy headache. As a trainee assistant practitioner I felt it necessary to explore what was wrong with Bill even further. First of all I began taking some basic clinical observations, his blood pressure was 140/90, pulse 80 and regular which were both within normal limits. He appeared pale and clammy so I checked his blood glucose level which was 3.2mmols; Bill was suffering from hypoglycaemia. Blood glucose levels are normally maintained within relatively narrow limits at about 5-7mmol/l (Williams an d Pickup 2004). My immediate concern was to ensure Bills blood glucose levels did not drop any further and the priority was to take short term action and increase his blood sugar to prevent it becoming any worse. Bill had no glucose tablets or glucogen so with his consent I looked in his fridge and cupboards to find something that would increase his blood sugars quickly. All that was in his fridge was a carton of milk a few slices of bread and some jam, I promptly gave him a drink of milk and made a jam sandwich. I felt it was my responsibility to sit with Bill until his blood glucose returned to acceptable levels and he had recovered from this episode of hypoglycaemia. I took Bills blood glucose levels every ten minutes until it returned to a safe and acceptable level. Bills blood sugar was now 5.2mmols and he was feeling brighter I checked to see if he ever recorded his blood glucose levels or kept a record of administration of his insulin but there was nothing. I asked him about his diet he said he hadnt been feeling up to eating much, I asked who did his shopping which he informed me his neighbour gets his milk and bread and a few other little bits when he needed them. I was aware that the lack of food in the house was probably the cause of Bill suffering from hypoglycaemic attacks. Hypoglycaemia occurs when the blood glucose level falls below 4mmol/L and is a common side effect of insulin therapy. Causes of hypoglycaemia include missed or late meals, not eating enough, taking too much insulin, exercise and excessive alcohol. National Health Services Choices (2009) state that hypoglycaemia should be treated with fast-acting carbohydrate, for example, 3-6 glucose tablets, 150ml fizzy drink or 50-100ml Lucozade, and followed up with a longer-acting carbohydrate, for example, biscuits or a sandwich. Glucose gels, for example, GlucoGel are useful to raise blood glucose levels and blood glucose should be recorded five to ten minutes after treatment. After ensuring that Bills hypoglycaemic attack had subsided and he was feeling better I made him a cup of tea and left him another sandwich that he could have at lunchtime. My initial feelings were of concern for Bills safety in the future and as a trainee assistant practitioner I knew that it was my responsibility to see my mentor immediately to discuss the situation. I was satisfied that I had taken the time to find out what was wrong with Bill and that he had recovered from his hypoglycaemic attack which I may not have taken time to do in my previous role. From the years of working in the community nursing setting experience I was fully aware that other mutli-displinary agencies may need to be involved in the care of Bill. I returned to the office and fed back to my mentor and later that day we returned to Bill and a full assessment was undertaken, it came to light that Bill had been struggling for some time with his diabetes, personal care and shopping and housework. It was decid ed by my mentor that for the interim period until care and support for Bill could be implemented that the district nursing team would administer his insulin that way his blood glucose levels could be regularly recorded and ensure that he has eaten something. He was also referred to the community diabetic nurse for a review of his insulin regime. Dietary management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes Nutritional therapy is an integral part of effective management of diabetes and has a vital role in helping people with diabetes to achieve and maintain optimal glycaemia control (Delahunt 1998, UKPDS 1990).I visited the general practitioner surgery and obtained some patient information on diabetes care and diet and took them to Bill, with the supervision of my mentor I sat with him and read through them. Once a care package was in place the carers would be informed of what foods Bill should and should not have and they would help with meal preparation. The British Diabetic Association (1999) suggest that ideally dietary information should be delivered by a diabetes specialist dietician, however in the case of Bill awaiting an appointment to see the dietician would have taken time and the information was needed on a more urgent basis. McGough (2003) suggest that structured patient education plays an important role in enabling people with diabetes to manage their diabetes on a day-to-day basis and a greater emphasis should be on the benefits of regular physical activity and weight management. More flexibility in the proportion of monounsaturated fat and carbohydrate in dietary intake and sucrose should no longer be restricted to a specific amount. For Bill initially it was essential that he was provided with regular meals and snacks at least three times daily to prevent any further hypoglycaemic attacks. An urgent referral was sent to members of the multi-disciplinary team and a meeting was arranged the following day with a social services. Referrals were also sent to the community diabetic nurse, dietician and foot health services. On assessment with my mentor she identified that Bill had not been washing properly and had not cut his toe nails for some time, Bill was also experiencing pain in his legs and feet. Bi ll was likely to be experiencing diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and I completed a pain assessment chart with him. Hill (2009) identifies that painful neuropathy affects the feet, typically causing burning or stabbing pain, which is particularly apparent at night. This was a mirror of what Bill described his pain as and we reassured him that his pain control would be discussed with his general practitioner as at present Bill took no analgesia at all and there was none in the house. The general practitioner prescribed paracetamol 1000mg four times daily initially as he felt that the pain may improve once more control had been gained again with his diabetic control. I returned to assess Bills pain control several days after commencing paracetamol and it had improved, he was still experiencing slight discomfort but felt that he would like to continue on this regime as he did not want anything stronger at the present time. It was agreed with Bill that this would be reviewed again the fo llowing week. A joint visit was done with the diabetic nurse, my mentor and myself and it was identified that Bills technique of giving his own insulin was poor due to poor dexterity in his hands and he was unable to turn his insulin pen properly or read the digits on the pen clearly. It was unclear how long Bill had been trying to manage in this way but Bill would certainly need long term care with his insulin from the district nursing team. The diabetic nurse identified that Bills eyesight was particularly poor and that he had not had his eyes checked for several years. Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of blindness and many patients do not have any symptoms of the damage occurring in the retina until the complications have become advanced. NICE (2008) recommend annual screening for all patients with diabetes and that a record of the retina is made by digital imaging for year on year comparison to identify the development and progression of retinopathy. The general practitioner was informed that Bill had not had his eyes checked and he agreed that he would refer him for retinopathy screening. As a trainee assistant practitioner I have learnt valuable knowledge in the management and care of patients with diabetes, from Bill requiring a routine blood test he has become a complex patient with multiple problems related to his diabetes. Due to the word limitations of the essay all areas of complications relating to diabetes could not be covered but through researching and reading around the topic I am aware of other complications such as nephropathy, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disease. I have continued as an assistant trainee practitioner to visit Bill and monitor his progress with my mentor. His blood glucose levels have improved and are maintained controlled between 6-9mmols. Bill has needed some psychological support as he is used to seeing few people and all of a sudden his life has changed and he has several members of the multidisciplinary team visiting and reviewing him regularly. Overall I feel a sense of satisfaction that from a routine bl ood test and utilising a more advanced role all of this relating to Bill has been identified and his health and care are much more improved.